System Options
Safety
Architecture
Battery
The major element of LIGHTENING that supports its scalability is the battery subsystem. The battery chemistry can be selected from Lead Crystal, Lithium Ion, and Titanate based, with the Nano-Crystal Lithium-Iron technology being selected by Badger Technology as they have a high energy density and 100% of their capacity available while providing a safe, reliable and powerful performance. Each 19” rack mounted, 48V battery can then be sized up to a capacity of 200Ah, with cycle options from 3,500 to 10,000.
The Nano-Crystal batteries selected for use in this application use high quality materials to assemble battery packs that are extremely safe, require no maintenance, deliver a longer lifetime, are lighter than lead based batteries and have improved charge and discharge capabilities. The surface area of the anode is about 100 sq meters per gram resulting in much faster recharging and greater lifetimes of the battery with recharge efficiency exceeding 98% and charge times can be between six and ten minutes. The Nano-Crystal batteries don’t require active maintenance to extend their service life, and there are no memory effects and low self-discharge equals longer shelf life. Due to the low-temperature discharge characteristics it is able to obtain up to 80% of its full capacity at -30°C. Entirely free of carbon, they avoid thermal runaway or overheating which is a main cause of fires in traditional energy storage systems.
The system includes two banks of batteries with 32 separate battery units in each rack for a total of 64 individual battery units that can each be removed and replaced for maintenance purposes. Each Nano-crystal battery is a 3.2V / 120Ah Nano Crystal Battery Cell. The battery cell is packed into a battery module with a voltage of 38.4V and a capacity of 9.216kWh through two parallel strings in a series of 32 each. These 64 total modules are connected in series to form a battery rack with a voltage of 2,457.6V and a capacity of 589.8 kWh
Hybrid
Another element available for use in the HESS are Ultracapacitors that store energy electrostatically rather than chemically like a battery. Supercapacitors, also called an Ultracapacitor, is a high-capacity capacitor, with a capacitance value much higher than solid-state capacitors but with lower voltage limits. It bridges the gap between electrolytic capacitors and rechargeable batteries. It typically stores 10 to 100 times more energy per unit volume or mass than electrolytic capacitors, can accept and deliver charge much faster than batteries, and tolerates many more charge and discharge cycles than rechargeable batteries.
Ultracapacitors store less energy than a similarly sized battery, but they are able to release their energy much more rapidly, as the discharge is not dependent on a chemical reaction taking place. While batteries can hold large amounts of power, they tend to take hours to recharge. Ultracapacitors charge almost instantly, but they can store less energy. Ultracapacitors are the perfect hybrid solution when a system needs to charge rapidly, and the battery part of the hybrid solution then stores electricity for long periods of time.
Ultracapacitors also weigh less than batteries, cost less, and don't contain toxic metals or harmful materials. The organic redox supercapacitor is recyclable, metal-free (no lithium, cobalt, or other harmful materials) and doesn’t emit polluting gases. All components are non-toxic and free of explosive materials, eradicating the risk of fire or explosion caused by thermal runaway. These ultracapacitors are able to achieve similar energy density levels to traditional battery technologies, much higher than standard supercapacitors with +25,000 charge cycles or +15 years. The ultracapacitors are a 102 V / 88 F module made up of 52 cells in 2 racks. The modules are connected in series to provide up to 2.3 MWs (0.64 KWh) in total storage capacity.
Power Inputs/Outputs
LIGHTENING is configured to accept the specific power input and to provide the necessary power outputs to support the installation requirements. The Primary power input from the existing utility grid to the HESS subpanel is Nominal 480V, 3Phase AC power, and the Primary power output to the existing building grid through the HESS subpanel is Nominal 480V, 3Phase AC power. An Auxiliary power input (supporting cold/black start) is externally provided as 120VAC directly connected to the HESS container.
On the DC Power Side, the maximum DC Voltage is 1000 V with a DC Voltage Range for Nominal Power of 500 ~ 850Vdc at a 1128A current.
On the AC Grid Power side, the AC Output Power is 500kW at maximum AC Power of 550kVA and Nominal AC Voltage of 480Vac 3W+N+PE over an AC Voltage Range of 480VAC (-20% ~ +15%). The Nominal Grid Frequency range is 50/60Hz (± 2Hz). AC Current Total Harmonic Distortion is <3%. The Power Factor at Nominal Power is >0.99/1 leading – 1 lagging.
OF the AC Off-Grid Side, the Nominal AC Voltage is 480VAC 3W+N+PE. AC Current Total Harmonic Distortion is <3% (linear load). The Unbalance load capacity is 100% with an Overload capacity of 110% ~ normal operation, 120% ~ 1min. Maximum efficiency is >97.5%.
Over Voltage Protection is DC Type II / AC Type II, with Grid/Ground Fault/Insulation Monitoring, and Overheat protection.
The charge/discharge time is <40ms.
Size Options
Fire Alarm and Manual Extinguisher Controls
Fire Alarm and Manual Extinguisher Controls
Fire Alarm and Manual Extinguisher Controls
Extinguishing System and Sensors
Fire Alarm and Manual Extinguisher Controls
Fire Alarm and Manual Extinguisher Controls
Interior Lighting
Fire Alarm and Manual Extinguisher Controls
Environmental Controls
Environmental Controls
Environmental Controls
Environmental Controls
Environmental Controls
LIGHTNING is further equipped with a series of safety features including foam and sprinkler extinguishers, smoke detectors and interior lighting. LIGHTNING is equipped with a Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system to monitor and control the interior environmental conditions throughout -30° C to +55° C operating conditions. HVAC is supported by internal temperature and humidity sensors.